Greaseproof composition



Patented Jan. 23, 1945 ATES PATENT OFFICE GREASEPROOF COMPOSITION No Drawing. Application June 9, 1941,

' Serial No. 397,210

3 Claims.

This invention relates to selectively controlling superficial spreading even to approaching non rigid film forming substance in association with a body providing a more or less smooth surface.

This invention has utility when incorporated in or on walls of porous or fibrous material in the realm of wood, wood veneer, vegetable fiber, and even to less porous and less fibrous surfaceproviding compositions. More especial adaptability is in the container field against oil seepage or leakage, and likewise as to wax, water, and greaseresistance, and even against odor, with selective range for color, and in the realm of foodstuffs as against flavor attack.

Essentially hereunder there is a base or body providing a surface. This surface, under the invention herein, has imparted thereto a treatment. This treatment is primarily of superficial traits of sufficient adhering properties to conform to the base providing wall, whether such be left in the initial position or distorted therefrom by bending or even scoring and forming into packages.

In the sense that the base body provides the initial surface, this coating or film likewise has a base or body. The base material, when fibrous stock, may be paper, box board, fiber board, chip board, and the like. The function of the coating is to render such base suitable for the range of purposes or a selective range. This may be grease-proof, water-proof, oil-proof, even into the range of resin-proof as adapted incidental to the base or film. Supplementing thereof is in the range to meet further conditions, as weathering, say prior to use, or as a condition in use, the fortifyingin water-proofing or waxproofing.

In the carrying out of these ends or achievements as selectively being adapted to conform to required conditions, one or more of the applications may be in order, whether such be a duplication of the base film or coating, or whether, upon such base, there be selectively adapted to the use, a particular second coating or additional coating therefor as an overcoating.

Preferably hereunder the range of utility is broadened, especially in the container field, by adapting such treatment for the surface to be had in the fiat, say by rolling, spraying, dipping or brushing. In the event of brushing, this may be efiicient in establishing an anchorage thereto.

Functionally in the set-up herein disclosed,

traits of value are imparted inherent in the material for this bonding with the surface. Taking such base coat as one with adhesive properties having spread values imparted thereto, this may be worked up as a commercial product adaptable for storing over a period of time. In furthering the effectiveness of the functioning hereunder, this compositionhas introduced thereinto, shortly before the spread operation is to occur, a fixing reactive agent. In the instance where the base itself be of the glue adhesive and glycerin plasticizer type, then this fixing agent may in association to a sufficient extent retard the fiuidity of the mixture so that at the dip or spreading operation sufiicient cohesion for a desired continuity of a more or less thin film is achieved. This agent as continuing in the film state for the base coating stabilizes or fixes this coating against chemical reversibility, and so holds into non-rigid or flex-responsive state that skin protective properties are established in this coating to be retained as to the surface. This may be effective even as to objectionable traits emanating in the material having the surface, whether such be odors or other attacking agents. Accordingly, this base coat is a dam against progress either -way therethrough.

The ingredients in the range hereunder may comprise, in the first stage of compounding, a protein layer such as hide, bone, or fish glue, which may be, and in practice has been found more particularly desirable when in the commercial or low grade state, and such isa factor in economical operation hereunder. With such glue in the proportion of 16 to 30 per cent, water from 40 to 67 per cent may be used. This water is a carrier and viscosity regulator. Alcohol may be substituted partially therefor, consistent with obtaining the desired dispersion characteristics for the solution.

Incidental to this degree of away-from-refinement which this commercial glue may possess, there may be introduced a soluble nitrate say of the alkaline group, as potassium. This is to promote slight bleaching as well as deodorant or oxidizing reaction. In the event sodium nitrate be adopted, its range may'be from 1 per cent to 6 per cent. This mixture or solution of water, glue, and sodium nitrate is agitated sufficiently to prevent settling out.

This commercial glue is of rather wide departures in its physical characteristics, and a grading of this adhesive-providing protein layer in approaching a condition for establishing a constant is in order. It is not required this be one specific to certain conditions, but that it be one which the user may in experience find consistent practice in a range of workings. To bring up to such standard, it has been found this adhesive may have introduced therewith albumin, casein, or any collagen. Commercially in this stabilizing of the adhesive or glue, powdered gelatin may be the ingredient, and in practice the range has been found to run from 1 /2 to 5 per cent.

Thi protein layer adhesive-attribute-provid-' ing-ingredient grouping of the composition has imparted thereto by this standardizing collagen a homogeneity against stringiness or other objectionable traits which might be more or less evident from the characteristics of the glue. This is a homogeneous adhesive solution. It is now in order to introduce plasticizer agents. This may be in the range of sorbitol, Turkey red oil, or glycerin. The traits thereof may be preservative to some extent. Further preservative trait as well as promoting solvency may be from the introduction of an acid, as lactic acid or acetic acid. Hereunder, with say from 12 /2 to 20 per cent of glycerin, there may be from 3 to 15 per cent of acetic acid.

With the protein coating and plasticizer mixed as over a water bath, the resultant homogeneous colloidal mixture is achieved. This has properties of holding its condition for storage.

Special treatment to further preservative action beyond that of the plasticizer and acid or solvent, may be achieved by introducing borax, phenol, and the like, or sodium benzoate from /7 to /2 per cent.

In the event the deodorant and bleach be not sufiicient as carried out by the nitrate, then lime, oxalic acid, 01' sodium perborate may be brought in. In the event sodium perborate be used, such has beenfrom /2 to 2 per cent.

It is to be understood these preservative, deodorant andbleach characteristics may arise in conjunction with the special use to which this base coating is applied, say forcosmetics, foodstuffs, or merely greases or waxes in lower grade commercial operations. Accordingly, it is selective as to whether or not the further ingredients such as benzoate. or perborate are in order. When the preservatives, solvent, and acetic acid are used, it seems to have less odor tendencies in the mix than say lactic acid.

This colloidal homogeneous mixture just prior to use, in establishing the film or adherent coating, has thoroughly mixed therewith a'fixing or stabilizing agent. Properties thereof are that these elements not revert back, say in chemical reaction, but that they may have stability even toward rendering insoluble in water, with the retention against approaching rigidity. That is, such may have a degree of stretch in conforming to the surface on which there is adherence. For this trait of flex response, potassium, bichromate, alums, tannic acid, and the like, paraformaldehyde, formaldehyde, or hexamethylenetetramine are appropriate. The formic reaction with formaldehyde is productive of the fixing ends or stabilizing sought hereunder. However, with the hexamethylenetetramine the reaction is one which does not occur in a way objectionable to workers as to generating obnoxious odors. This hexamethylenetetramine may be in the range of /2 to 3 per cent.

aseaere A specific proportion in percentage by weight may be:

This composition as a film-providing coatin may be. according to its consistency, efiicient at a single application. It is adapted to be multiple applied. Intermediate the applications it is preferable to have such dried out before superimposing an additional coat. It is of film form and has physical properties resembling those of a skin.

In the event the base coat or film be one for containers which may be in storage for a period of time before use as charged with material, while it is stable, there may be appropriately applied weather resistance properties therefor as a sort of top dressing. This may be an overcoating, whether spray or otherwise applied, of a mineral oil, a linseed oil, or a suphonated castor oil. In the event such overcoating be used in its weather resistance properties, it is eflicient and seems to supplement the dam resistance traits of the base coat when dopes or other heavy commercial compositions or concoctions in bulk storage, say as paste paints, etc. are to be handled.

While the hardening agent imparts degrees of water insolubility thereto, such may be supplemented hereunder by an overcoating of say amorphous wax. This substance as a petroleum product is in varying grades of color, from muddy to a straw color, with a melting point from 110 to 137 F. A ready mode of application is by spray.

Wax-proofing overcoating is to meet conditions, as the handling of crystalline waxes. For such the overcoat may be of gelatin or glue, water, glycerin, and Turkey red oil. The range of the gelatin or glue may be between 18 and 32 per cent; water, 10 and 50 per cent; glycerin, 18 and 32 per cent; and Turkey red, 12% and 37%; per cent. A workable proportion is 25 per cent of each by weight.

To reduce the amount of water required in this composition for the overcoat, acetic acid as a wetting out agent may be in order, and may be up to 50 percent of the total quantity of the formula, especially as the water is reduced, and the degree of consistency for desired spreading is adopted.

In the realm of operation hereunder, say even to the spray applying of the base coat substance or composition, such in itself may be introduced in the course of manufacture of fibrous materials,

as mineral wool, at the stream jet, thereby contributing to non-dusty, holding-up-to-forrn, or hinder qualities in the mineral wool. In practice, further holding-up values, even as to the beads or shot which may occur in the mineral wool, is achieved hereunder by compounding in equal weight with the base coat, and to such mixture adding four parts of water. This, sprayed into or with the steam or spreading agent for forming the filaments from the cupola flow of molten rock or slag, eiliciently combines and permeates throughout the attenuated mass. Accordingly, in transportation, storage and use this binding aseacve agent is efiicient against sifting out of shot therefrom.

In the instance of use for containers, on some occasions temperature differences may arise even with hot or quite warm substances to be charged into the containers. This may be in the instance of hot asphalt. This dam of the coating is efiicient for the container to hold up even against discoloring. However, the container may be of the tear-01f or single service purpose hereunder. In gaining access to the contained substance, this dam is efficient for ready severance of the contents therefrom, say as solidified and molded to the form of the container. When the substances have been heat introduced and cooled in the container, with the overcoat say of gelatin, water, glycerin, and Turkey red, there have-been found on microscopic examination that what seemed to be the dam properties of the base coat are supplemented by gas generated properties achieved by the overcoat or at least by the appearance of minute spacings or gas-carrying chambers in what would seem to be the ply between the coats.

The base coat, providing a dam or film having complete continuity throughout its extent and serving to prevent the oils or greases passing therethrough in either direction, even including those found in resins, lends itself to be adapted as a base coat over wood, especially green wood or wood high in resin content. Additionally, in instances where the wood has been treated, say for dry rot, such treatment tends to shrink some of the fibers in the wood and also dilute the resins therein, thereby tending to p emote exudation. This base coat not only serves as a dam for the exuded resins to destroy a paint overcoat but the base coat provides a film having a surface suitable for thorough adhesion of a' paint coat thereto, whether such be of the oil or cold water type.

per cent sodium benzoate, one-half per cent.

by Letters Patent is:

1. A flex responsive set taking-on composition adapted for applying to surfaces during its internal reaction and of consistency to be applied to and thereby form a coating for said surfaces, said composition including glue, sixteen to thirty per cent; water, forty to sixty-seven per cent; sodium nitrate, two-thirds to six and one-half per cent, as an adhesive solution; a homogeneity additional agent of one and onehalf to five per cent gelatin; a plasticizer factor including .from twelve and one-half to twenty per cent glycerin and from three to fifteen per cent acetic acid; and a hardening agent of from one-half to three per cent heXamethylene-.

tetramine.

2. A coating consistency composition of adapted to be applied to a surface to form a coating thereon, said composition having ingredients in the range of twenty-one and'one-third per per cent gelatin, sixteen per cent glycerin',five and one-third per .cent acetic acid, one-sixth sodium perborate, and two-thirds per cent hexamethylenetetramine. c

'3. A flex responsive set taking-on composition adapted for applying to surfaces during its internal reaction'and of consistency to be applied to and thereby form a coating for said surfaces,

said compositionincluding a protein from the group consisting of hide, bone and fish glue, sixteen to thirtyper cent; a carrier and viscosity regulator of water, forty to sixty-seven per cent; sodium nitrate twothirds to six 'and one-half per centas an adhesive solution; a collagen from the group consisting; of albumin, casein, gelatin as a homogeneity additional agent of one. and one-half to five per cent; a plasticizer from the group consisting of sorbitol, glycerin twelve and one-half to twenty per cent, and acetic acid three to fifteen per cent; and a hardening agent from the group consisting of paraformaldehyde, formaldehyde, hexamythylenetetramine, one-half WALTER E. HATCH.

JACKSON H. ROLLINS.

What is claimed and it is desired to secure- 

